The following incident
shows the difficult situation the Jewish citizens
were in. On 8/11/1935 a poster hung on the gate of a
house in Gilgaustrasse saying: „Couple Bender bought
the wedding roast from a Jew“ The local group NSDAP
Ensen-Heumar informed the mayor of Porz that the Jew
Tobias not only sold the roast but that he took
photos of the wedding parade when they left the
Catholic church. This spread big anxiety. The mayor
was demanded not to consider Bender with the
assignment of the works on the construction of the
pioneer's barracks in Porz-Westhoven.
Boycott and discrimination turned not only against
the Jews, but also against half-Jews and their non
Jewish family members.
The living conditions of the Jewish population in
Porz got worse with the introduction of the law
about the legal relationships of the Jewish cult
unions on 3/28/1938. It took away their right to be
bodies of the public right and public laws. The
living conditions in Porz were that bad that even
the synagogue had to be sold on 2/.9/1938, even
before its introduction. This entailed that the
building of the former synagogue has not fallen
victim to the excesses of the "Night of Broken
Glass"; it had been reshaped in the meantime to a
apartment building. Although the "Night of Broken
Glass" on 11/9/1938 took place rather quietly in
Porz, the boycott of the Jewish shops increased with
the controls of SA who checken whether people still
shopped in Jewish shops. The Jews of Zündorf did not
remain spared from deportations as well. After the
USA entered the war in 1941 the concentration camps
were upgraded considerably. The transports from the
area of the municipality of Porz brought them to
Cologne or one of the collective and transit camps
first.
In June, 1942 12 Jews
from Porz were deported from the camp for receiving
refugees Köln-Müngersdorf. In spite of the positive
attitude towards Jews the major part of the
population had only a few were saved from death. The
fact that they had lived together for centuries in
mostly well neighborly relations, had not admitted
what was possible with the big-city mob under an
incited, fanatical government. The good relations of
the citizens with Jews are documented: Albert Tobias
in Porz who was in the camp for receiving refugees
in Siegburg in 1924 was so much liked that was
visited by numerous friends there. Albert Salomon
from Zündorf who passed away on 2/27/1942 was
accompanied to his last resting-place by numerous
people from Zündorf, although this was a thorn in
the side to the rulers.
During the time of
the Nazi regime citizens who lived in marriage with
different confession had to suffer a lot. A report
on a married couple who had married in 1931 in Porz
also illustrates this. Because his wife was a Jew,
it a divorce was suggested to the man in 1933. He
was not taken over into civil service and lost his
job in 1938. After six years the married couple had
to go to Köln-Müngersdorf into one of the reception
camps for "intermarriages". The man was taken to
Giessen and afterwards he had to serve at the
Russian front. His wife had to work in a spinning
mill in Kassel. Afterwards she was brought to a town
where resident farmers looked after her. Both
returned to Porz immediately after the war was over
and also found their four-year-old daughter who had
been taken care for by the neighborhood for several
months.
Sources:
Discrimination
of Jews beween 1933- 45
Freifahrkarte nach Jerusalem
Aufruf zum
Kaufboykott:
"Deutsche! - Wehrt Euch! - Kauft nicht bei
Juden!"
Boykott von Handwerksbetrieben:
"Jüdische Inhaber zahlen Hungerlöhne"
Boykott von Ärzten und Rechtsanwälten:
"Meidet jüdische Ärzte und Rechtsanwälte"
Volksverhetzung:
Juden als Blutsauger
Change of names
1938: Forced change of names:
Jewish citizens had to assume „Israel“ and
„Sara“ for their middle names
[Historisches Archiv der Stadt Köln, Standesamt: A 290
- Nr. 1]
21.11.1938: Registry office Porz
Change of name by agency: Philipp "Israel"
Lahe
[Historisches Archiv der Stadt Köln, Standesamt: A 290
- Nr. 1]
07.12.1938: Registry office Porz
Change of name by agency: Rosa "Sara"
Falkenstein
[Historisches Archiv der Stadt Köln, Standesamt: A 290
- Nr. 1]
Destiny of marriages of different confession:
24.11.1941: Appeal of a woman form Urbach to the mayor of Porz
not to wear the Yellow Star
Destiny of a marriage of different
confession
19.01.1938:
German Reichspost
The eyed marriage of different confession of Peter Vöttel (I)Dismissal
of the postman because of his marriage to a non Aryan womand
30.09.1944: Gestapo (secret police) of Cologne
The eyed marriage of different confession of Peter Vöttel (II)
Designation from the district
Cologne-Aachen
